Table of Contents:
  • Machine generated contents note: Part I Trends in globalization and social progress 7
  • A. M ain features of trade policies9
  • B. Trade and investment flows 16
  • C. Overview of social developments since trade and
  • investment liberalization 24
  • Part II Assessing the social impact of globalization39
  • A. Comparison of labour market developments before
  • and after trade liberalization41
  • B. Analysis of the possible links between trade and labour markets45
  • C. Impediments to greater benefits of globalization52
  • Part III Policy issues 57
  • A. Improving the gains from trade59
  • B. Widening access to primary education65
  • C. Poverty-alleviation programmes and the elimination of
  • child labour69
  • D. Labour-management relations and labour law72
  • Concluding remarks77
  • Bibliography79 List of figures
  • 1 GDP growth rate and inflation 6
  • 2 Exports and imports of goods and services 18 ix
  • 3 Exports by main products, 1979/80-96/9720
  • 4 Foreign direct investment in Bangladesh by origin and industry23
  • 5 Composition of the population, 1989 and 1995/9625
  • 6 Employment trends26
  • 7 Status in employment, 1989 and 1995/9632
  • 8 Trends in real wages, 1982/83-96/9735
  • 9 Gini index of income inequality, 1983/84-95/9636
  • 10 Trends in savings and investment, 1988/89-97/98 42
  • 11 Coverage of imports of goods and services, 1979/80-96/9743
  • 12 Impact of trade liberalization on urban-rural inequalities46
  • 13 Diverging trends in real capita income of richest and
  • poorest households, 1985/86-95/96 48
  • 14 Government current expenditure, 1989/90-96/9766
  • 15 Resources allocated to primary education, 1990/91-95/96 67
  • 16 Government revenue receipts, 1989/90-96/9771 List of tables
  • 1 Import liberalization11
  • 2 Trade and investment of EPZs in Bangladesh, 1991/92-95/9614
  • 3 Direction of exports and imports by country, 1990/91-95/9617
  • 4 Foreign direct investment by major industrial group registered
  • with the BOI, 1990/91-97/98 22
  • 5 Unemployment rate by area, sex, age and education, 1989-1995/9627
  • 6 Labour force participation rate by sex and area28
  • 7 Underemployment and hours worked, 1995/9629
  • 8 Child labour characteristics30
  • 9 Education level and literacy rate of the labour force, 1995/9634
  • 10 Incidence of poverty, 1988/89-95/9636
  • 11 Revealed comparative advantage, 1990 and 1995 44
  • 12 The widening gap between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors48
  • 13 Per capita GDP at constant market prices by region49
  • 14 Labour cost per hour in the textile and apparel industries
  • by country, 1993 and 199655
  • 15 The Government's educational priorities 56
  • 16 The growth of registered trade unions in Bangladesh, 1971-97 73 List of boxes
  • 1 The Grameen model of poverty alleviation 62.